The generated oscillation by a piezoelectric actuator is transferred, amplified, and concentrated on the tip of the tool by appropriate design of a cutting tool, which is vibrated in its bending mode.
This ensured that any changes in BOLD activity recorded in the task blocks relative to the baseline 'rest' blocks could not simply be due to the position of the tool or to the tip of the tool acting as an additional 'visual' stimulus (see also the Discussion).
As Mohammad Samimy, a professor of mechanical engineering at Ohio State University, tells it, a NASA engineer was using a screwdriver to point out a feature of a prototype jet one day when the tip of the tool strayed into the exhaust and the noise from the engine changed.
Ruiz, et al. [79], designed a set of optical measuring systems based on the laser interference principle to track and locate the tool tip of the machine tool.
A maximum ratio between pulse-on time and period of 1/3 and an interelectrode gap in the order of micrometers are required to provide a localized material removal under the tip of the tool.
Because the growth plates are not perfectly flat, there is a technical challenge in making sure that the tip of the tool is at the growth plate and remains there.
Furthermore, the discrimination task was designed to be difficult to perform (such that participants would typically make ∼25% errors, see [9]), and required a constant maintenance of both the position of the tip of the tool, and pressure exerted on the tool by the hand, in order that the vibrotactile stimuli would be perceptible.
The tip of each tool was tapered, ground and rounded off, and one side was polished to a shine.
The sulfur tends to prevent chips from the work from welding to the tip of the tool.
The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between the pinch force applied during periodontal scaling and the forces generated at the tip of the tool.
