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However, the distance between two adjacent penetrations (in the range from 0.52 to 2.33 nm) is much smaller than the radius of the AFM tip (approximately 15 nm).
Using the wire length (722.7 nm) from the AFM image and the apex radius of the AFM tip (approximately 10 nm), the average resistivity was found to be 33.94 Ω cm.
With the use of a needle as an introducer, the maximum probe size is limited to the inside diameter of a needle that will pass through the luer tip, approximately 2.2 mm.
Following application of a topical analgesic (Amethocaine Hydrochloride 1%: Chauvin Pharmaceuticals, UK) a glass needle (tip approximately 20 µm) was inserted behind the limbus, and 1 µl injected.
Briefly, each animal was laid in a supine position and samples were obtained by inserting the tip of a 100 ul pipette tip approximately 2 4 mm into the vagina, releasing sterile water (∼50 ul) and immediately drawing back to collect the sample.
Mechanical tissue loosening involved gentle tube flicking and slow pipetting with a cut pipet tip approximately every 15 20 min. Too vigorous mechanical manipulation resulted in shearing of fibers; mixing frequency was determined based upon tissue appearance using Nomarski optics during dissociation.
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A 2005 study of taxi rides in Connecticut, for example, found that African-American cab drivers were tipped approximately one-third less than white cab drivers.
The syringes were mounted next to each other with their tips approximately 1.5cm distant from the bee head.
The mean number of skeleton tips approximately doubled from 2 to 12 DAG (Table 1) and were significantly different between growing cells at the different time points.
Root tips (approximately 0.5 cm in length) from control and 2.5 μM Al treated seedlings were harvested at 12 and 48 h after Al treatment and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen.
All available pleopod tips (approximately 8 mm in size) from G9 (generation 9, n = 311) breeding shrimp and a random sample of 202 G10 shrimp from the same shrimp breeding line were used.
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