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For the same increase in tiny particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), the increase was 4%.
Nitrogen releases from agriculture have other negative environmental effects, mixing with emissions from cars to create tiny particulate pollution that is harmful to humans.
The mayor's most recent dose of real talk followed an announcement that Beijing had failed to meet its 2014 target of a five-per-cent reduction in the average annual concentration of tiny particulate matter, known as PM2.5.
Diesel exhaust is so severe that Beijing's levels of PM 2.5, a tiny particulate deemed potentially harmful to health, is highest between midnight and 3 a.m., according to one survey.
Recently there were calls for a national standard for anti-pollution face masks as some on the market claim to filter out PM2.5, tiny particulate pollution which is considered dangerous, but are not effective.
Tiny particulate matter known as PM2.5 – which is linked to lung disease, heart attacks and atmospheric haze – will be added to a list of air quality indicators in an upcoming revision of national standards, the Chinese media reported on Monday.
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The UN agency has previously warned that tiny particulates from cars, power plants and other sources are killing 3 million people worldwide each year.
The levels of PM2.5, the tiny particulates that embed in lungs and can reach the bloodstream, are more than 300 micrograms per cubic metre.
Ellie Highwood, professor of climate physics at Reading University, said the pollution was the result of tiny particulates (atmospheric aerosols) that come from traffic, fossil fuel burning, agricultural practices and, more unusually, dust from the Sahara".
The Chinese capital's environmental authorities succumbed to public demands for transparency by publishing hourly readings of PM2.5, tiny particulates released by car exhausts and factory chimneys that raise the risks of lung diseases, heart problems and dementia.
They looked at exposure to tiny particulates 2.5 microns in size, known as PM2.5s, which penetrate the lungs and are the air pollutant most strongly associated with an increased risk of death.
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