Although, as suggested above, the involvement of the ventral striatum in interval timing may be restricted to timing tasks that entail explicit choice, this does not imply that the ventral striatum plays a pivotal role in all choice situations.
Although this early study was encouraging, the HMM was restricted to represent timing differences between biological conditions with binary EE/DE or multiple cases of latent hidden states depending on the number of given conditions at each time point.
The effect of the Paratethys on the Asian monsoon could also be significant, but the timing of this effect is restricted to the Eocene, since this water body largely disappeared during the Oligocene.
Since there were no differences between cases and controls in frequency or timing of exposure, analyses are restricted to children to mothers exposed to prenatal X-ray, regardless of numbers of examinations or time of exposure.
It should be noted that the involvement of the OPFC in interval timing seems not to be restricted to temporal differentiation, since Valencia-Torres et al. [11] observed enhanced Fos expression in the OPFC associated with temporal discrimination performance in retrospective timing schedules (e.g. the interval bisection task).
In contrast to the ventral striatum, the OPFC's role in interval timing appears not to be restricted to choice-based tasks, as enhanced Fos expression has been found in this area following exposure to the single-operandum fixed-interval peak procedure [15].
Male Mc3r−/− mice (n = 9) and WT littermate controls (n = 7) acclimated to housing conditions in the CLAMS for 3 days were subjected to the RF protocol where timing of food access was gradually restricted to a 4-h period mid light cycle (Fig. 1a).
We believe this is the first evidence that the influence of temporal encoding in multisensory integration is not only restricted to the relative timing between inputs from different modalities, but it is also dependent upon the predictable nature of component events within each sensory modality.
2) The authors have done an excellent job in focussing in on stem cells and on the cell cycle effects, yet it is not altogether clear whether the cell cycle timing effects are particularly or only restricted to the stem cells.
Do they think that the phenotypes caused by yap manipulation in the CMZ is due to cytoplasmic functions (and therefore interfering with other signaling pathways?). 2) The authors have done an excellent job in focussing in on stem cells and on the cell cycle effects, yet it is not altogether clear whether the cell cycle timing effects are particularly or only restricted to the stem cells.
