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Therefore, it is unnecessary to implement a complicated global timing procedure to achieve network-wide time synchronization.
The experiment evaluated six healthy adult male participants who performed the peak-interval timing procedure in variants of stimulus modality (auditory or visual) and condition (foreground or background: i.e., whether the presence or absence of the stimulus is the signal to be timed).
Once a packet is detected a detection control signal will rise to begin the symbol timing procedure.
Beginning at 4-mo-of-age, rats were trained on a peak-interval timing procedure in which food was available at 10-, 30-, and 90-sec criterion durations.
(ii) TDD: power consumption is mainly caused by the internal timing procedure and, in the case of the best relay, by the transmission of the flag packet to the rest of relays.
This backward timing procedure is easily performed using the following computation for each individual trial.
Similar(53)
Distinct ensemble unit activity and oscillatory patterns in the dorsal striatum during discrete-trial interval timing procedures.
In conclusion, we propose that the basal ganglia are not essential for many sub- and supra-second timing procedures.
The distinction between "automatic" timing procedures that are relevant to short (e.g, less than 1 second) intervals and "cognitive" timing procedures that mediate the processing of relatively long time intervals (e.g., 1 second or longer) was first proposed over 100 years ago by Münsterberg [40] and has received considerable empirical support [33], [41], [42]; but see [43] for a dissenting view).
These data suggest that multiple procedures may be employed for interval timing and that the basal ganglia are crucial only for the timing procedures underlying the production of rhythmic movements.
For example, one might propose that the basal ganglia are integral to most timing procedures but that the subjects compensated by learning to employ different timing routines that do not rely on the basal ganglia.
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