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First, the uncertain OFDM symbol arrival time introduces a symbol timing offset, which is estimated by the coarse symbol timing offset [5] and fine symbol timing offset [6, 7].
We consider using the zero-padded prefix in an OFDM symbol time to absorb such timing offset.
While timing offset changes linearly for successive symbols, synchronizers may fail to track this time-varying delay.
k is the timing offset.
c F=2, MSE of timing offset.
The MSE on the constellation depends on the timing offset.
A delayed timing offset is given by 65 samples.
This is because the timing offset will affect both the test statistic and the threshold, and the inaccurate estimation of timing offset will lead to poor performance.
First, a coarse timing offset (CTO) estimation algorithm is applied to find CTO and ITD.
In Figure2, the delayed timing offset is 65, and c is 31.
and the effective timing offset from the kth column can be obtained by: (25).
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