Observed differences in breast milk element concentrations across studies and over time could be attributed to the timing of sampling and a general decline over time of lactation (Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn), a possible lack of regulation of certain elements in breast milk (As, B, Co, Mn, Se) and time trends in environmental exposure (Pb), or in some cases to differences in analytical performance (Cr, Fe).
This would appear to support Guelinckx et al.'s [14] suggestion that the timing of sampling after feeding time, and hence the degree of digestion, is relatively unimportant and does not confound isotopic values for diet determined from gut contents.
Based on this, preemptive antiviral therapy (ganciclovir [5 mg/kg, bid] or valganciclovir [900 mg bid] with dose adjusted for renal function) was initiated when the viral load exceeded 3000 genomes/mL with the aim of preventing the viral load from reaching 37 000 genomes/mL, taking into account the average doubling-time of 1 day (13) and the twice-weekly timing of sampling.
Blood samples obtained at the various time points were classified into five stages depending on the timing of sampling: days 1 10, days 11 30, days 31 100, days 101 300, and day 301 onward after the onset.
In contrast to saithe, where average GSIs in FA and UA fish were similar, average GSIs in cod were significantly greater (1.7 4.8 times) in FA than UA cod in all three areas, despite the timing of sampling in the post-spawning period (Fig. 3f).
Similarly, remission (CRM) samples from Cohort B showed no tendency to segregate based on the timing of sampling.
It suggests that the timing of sampling schemes (e.g., growing season vs. non-growing season) may alter TS SM patterns.
For between subject studies the timing of sampling in relation to this cycle is an important consideration.
The question remained whether incorporation of a cover crop would result in a similar restriction in timing of sampling for ISNT-N.
The absence of IgM or neutralizing antibody in fetal/neonatal CSF may be a reflection of the timing of sampling in relationship to the developing blood brain barrier and local antibody synthesis.
The seasonal variability data of these biochemical endpoints were used to optimize study design for future monitoring programs, planning timing of sampling, increasing statistical power by collecting specific sample sizes required.
