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Such manipulation was done by 2,270 firms, or 29.2% of those in the sample.Yet, argues Mr Kay, the study conflates two very different activities actual backdating and the timing of options to take advantage of market-sensitive news about the company that the management knew was about to become public.
"In the Timing of Options, Many, Um, Coincidences" (Gretchen Morgenson, Dec. 5) advised shareholders to cast their votes to stop company insiders from putting their own interests first.
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The stock is just about where it was in March 2006 before a Wall Street Journal article first questioned the timing of option grants made to Dr. William W. McGuire, United Healths longtime chief executive.
The scandal began when academic research revealed the suspiciously fortuitous timing of option grants, a disproportionate number of which occurred just before a rise in the share prices of executives' companies.
Chimney sweeps under fire Macro credit Reprints Related items Corporate scandals: The fugitiveOct 5th 2006Pre-emptive strikesThe backdating scandal was triggered by several academic papers that identified suspiciously favourable patterns in the timing of option grants.
"My previous work on the favorable timing of option awards and the fallout from that," he told The Times, "has made me very suspicious about any date on any financial transaction, particularly one involving a gift of stock to one's own foundation where the donor controls the charitable accounting".
Late last year he and his number two at the company agreed to pay back about $390m between them because the money was made from backdated options awards that is, the timing of their options had been illegally manipulated to take advantage of a rise in the share price.
Statistical analysis revealed that the odds of the favorable timing of 12 options granted to William W. McGuire William W. McGuire, CEO of health insurance giant United Health Group, from 1995 to 2002 was 1 in 200 million.
Nevertheless, women whose symptoms follow a particular profile may find that the information facilitates decisions on the management of symptoms or the timing of treatment options.
The year will also witness a steady drip of prosecutions over "backdating", the illegal manipulation of the timing of stock-option awards to give instant gains.
Monster Worldwide, parent of the job search site Monster.com, was subpoenaed yesterday by the United States attorney for the Southern District of New York over the timing of stock option grants to executives.
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