The intervention resources promoting breast feeding, appropriate timing of introduction of solids, "tummy time," and active play, as well as family nutrition and physical activity, were based on various Australian National Guidelines.
The primary outcomes at six months, including exclusive breast feeding and timing of introduction of solids and "tummy time," were collected by a telephone interview, and those at 12 months, including breastfeeding, cup use, bottle at bedtime, and having food as a reward, were collected by research assistants in the home.
We have previously reported significant improvements at 12 months in duration of breast feeding, appropriate timing of introduction of solids, and practice of "tummy time" (a colloquial term used to encourage parents to ensure that their babies spend time in the prone position when they are not sleeping) among those receiving the intervention.
Objective The timing of introduction of complementary food to an infant's diet is variable throughout the world.
The timing of introduction of cows' milk protein was only significant at a very early age for the development of islet autoimmunity.
Trends in concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, alachlor, and their degradates were related to the timing of introduction and use of these compounds.
A 430-day study was undertaken to evaluate whether adjusting the timing of introduction of feeds with varied protein and energy content could constitute a long-term strategy for steering the quality of Atlantic salmon throughout the entire seawater cycle.
For this analysis, we are interested in measuring the local persistence of temperate climate North American (NA) H3N2 lineages, and in inferring the seasonal timing of introductions to and from the global community to NA.
Alternatively, fragmentation of populations, subsequent loss of gene flow and the effects of genetic drift could also account for loss of heterozygosity (i.e., the Wahlund Effect [ 23]), but more research on the timing of introductions is needed to verify these alternative explanations.
We now know from several empirical studies that differently adapted populations can influence community assembly and structure (Whitham et al. 2006; De Meester et al. 2007; Harmon et al. 2009b) and that the timing of introductions of different ecotypes influences adaptive radiations in bacteria (Fukami et al. 2007) and spiders (Gillespie 2004).
Using a natural experiment, such as the introduction of Taspo cards (where the timing of the introduction varied by region; Kanda et al. [23]) could overcome this problem.
