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For adolescent victims the timing of abuse may coincide within interactions with their caregivers in the home (e.g., homework, watching TV, bedtime) and, for others, individuals outside the home (e.g., sleep over at friend's house; at a party; walking home).
Recent information about timing of abuse reported retrospectively is underrepresented in the literature, despite its importance to informing target populations for primary prevention of child abuse and studying effects of child abuse.
While many instruments assess retrospective self-reported childhood abuse history (Felitti et al. 1998; Bernstein et al. 2003), except for a recently developed measure (Teicher and Parigger 2015), these measures seldom collect detailed information about timing of abuse onset.
The objective of the study was to compare risk factors for postpartum depression among women exposed vs not exposed to intimate partner violence and to assess the timing of abuse in relation to postpartum depression.
Evidence from the developmental literature stresses the presence of exposure windows of increased susceptibility to the effects of harmful environments (Wachs et al. 2014), and timing of abuse has been specifically linked to severity of subsequent psychopathology in adulthood (Kaplow and Widom 2007).
More recent data of timing of abuse onset can be obtained through other methods, including reported abuse cases (e.g., Child Protective Service records) (Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau 2012) and studies that incorporate longitudinal study designs (e.g., Longitudinal Studies on Child Abuse and Neglect) (Runyan et al. 1998).
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Although less well understood, developmental timing of substance abuse has been assumed to be important as well, with different outcomes (e.g., addiction) expected depending on when certain events (e.g., onset of substance use) occur over the life course.
Although research has established the profound effects that intimate partner abuse can have on postpartum mental health, little is known regarding how this association may change as a function of the timing and type of abuse.
Multivariate models revealed that women who experienced intimate partner abuse whether before or during pregnancy reported higher levels of postpartum mental health problems; however, associations differed as a function of the timing and type of abuse, as well as specific mental health symptoms.
The commission has heard that a group of influential parishioners wrote to the royal commission questioning the timing of Thompson's abuse claims.
The highest frequency of signs was seen in those abused less than 7 days previously and in those where the timing of the abusive episode was not known.
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