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Similarly, a timing message exchange is performed from Node B to Node A. At time node B transmits back to node A the timing information and.
In our design, reference node and its parent node perform two-way timing message exchange to synchronize nodes lying within the reference node broadcast domain.
In order to provide a consistent amount of observation data in the presence of errors during timing message transmissions, new sampled observation data from the original observation data are generated via the BS.
Indeed, following [5, 8], the time differences corresponding to the th up and down link delay observations of the th timing message exchange can be expressed respectively as and, respectively.
The two-way timing message exchange protocol is a recently proposed clock synchronization approach for WSNs [4, 5, 8].
The maximum likelihood clock offset estimator was reported in [8] for the two-way timing message exchange protocol such as TPSN and NTP under the assumption of Gaussian or exponential delay models.
Similar(54)
SPS achieves the first criterion using a novel technique whereby the M2M device captures incoming or outgoing moments of timing messages.
Under this protocol, the synchronization between two generic nodes A and B is achieved by transmitting timing messages in both directions.
In TPSN, each node except the root node forms a synchronization pair with its parent and each synchronization pair demands 2N timing messages.
It is shown that in a multicluster networking environment, PBS requires a far less number of timing messages than other well-known synchronization protocols and incurs no loss in synchronization accuracy.
In addition, future studies need to pay attention to the reporting of the delivery of the intervention i.e. length of messages, content of messages, timing of messages, frequency of messages, SMS platform used to send messages (automated versus manual), and two-way versus one-way communication.
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