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Furthermore, how does the millisecond order timing dependence in STDP relate to the second order timing dependence during reward-based learning (for example, see Drew and Abbott, PNAS, 2006, "Extending the effects of spike-timing-dependent plasticity to behavioral timescales")?
With this approach we were able to show a very robust timing dependence, not just of an isolated synaptic input, but of the integrated inputs made up of multiple synaptic events.
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While STDP highlights the timing-dependence on a millisecond time scale, Hebbian synaptic plasticity also manifests itself in experimental protocols manipulating firing rates and postsynaptic voltage (Artola et al., 1990; Sjostrom et al., 2001).
Computational modelling offers a plausible explanation for this pronounced timing-dependence.
Although, if making decisions on timings, waning would need to be considered, this illustrates why it could be important to consider the time dependence of the effective coverage, particularly if the prevalence of the disease being vaccinated against has a strong age dependence.
The time dependence of dye bleaching by IPS/MnTSPP is shown in Figure 2. Note that most of the bleaching occurs in the first hour of the reaction, consistent with industrial timing needs.
Efficiency studies and timing performance dependence from detector capacitance will be also reported.
We observed this time-dependence because in our studies we microinjected the plasmid DNA into cells, hence the timing of cDNA transduction was more precisely determined than with other methods.
Interestingly, the analogous dependence of timing of both cAMP and GR that exists for ACTH secretion [17], which obviously is not linked to the activity of the exogenous reporter plasmid, suggests that the phenomenon of time-dependence occurs at multiple genes.
Changes of neuronal dynamics and synaptic connectivity are strongly linked in dependence on the relative timing of the pre-and postsynaptic spikes by the spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) [Gerstner et al., 1996; Markram et al., 1997].
Taken together, the results indicate multiple processing stages or routes for fearful face stimuli, which vary in their timing and their dependence on normal amygdala function.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com