As metabolites are reshuffled on a very fast timescale, the response dynamics are mostly limited by the slowly changing protein concentrations.
Moreover, the timescale of response modulations evoked during translatory motion by environmental structures, are relatively slow compared with the temperature-dependent latency changes between approximately 15 and 25 ms.
Possible explanations for high levels of variation include diversification on the generation timescale in response to viral predation (Andersson & Banfield, 2008; Tyson & Banfield, 2008), neutral diversification (Acinas et al., 2004) or resource partitioning between closely related strains [<1%16SS rRNA gene divergence (Hunt et al., 2008)].
We argue that the valley incision and filling episodes in the western Ganga plains at Late Quaternary timescales in response to monsoonal fluctuations were primarily affected by changes in the effective discharges of the rivers.
DO also fluctuated at short-term timescales in response to storms, and DO measured at 15-min intervals could be simulated with a combination of discharge, spring temperature, and specific conductance as explanatory variables.
The approach of simultaneous assessment of both psychological and physiological outcomes that has been undertaken by several studies may prove useful in understanding the relationship between different outcomes, and the most relevant timescales of responses.
Do we have a good idea of the timescale of this response?
However, precipitation estimates obtained from pollen data are averaged over a month or season due to the long timescale of biological response.
Using a catchment basin model, we demonstrate that climate-driven cyclicity in particulate sediment discharge is strongly damped when the period of climate variability is shorter than the response timescale of the eroding landscape.
That vegetation boundary shifted as a result of Holocene climatic change and fire suppression following Euroamerican settlement, but the timescale of soil response to those vegetation changes and the factors that influence it are poorly known.
