The importance of extra-splenic killing and recirculation could be tested with non-destructive sampling of the blood immediately after transfer (that is, over the short timescale during which cells are migrating into the spleen) to test that the ratio of pulsed to unpulsed targets in blood is preserved.
The results show that the various CR1 subtypes differ not only in the median time points on the relative timescale during which they were actively fixed in the genome, but also in the lengths of these time windows, revealing three major peaks of concentrated CR1 activity/fixation.
The QD blinking is associated to charge trapping and un-trapping at surface defects during excitation and results in alternation (at all timescales) of bright and dark states during which no photons are emitted.
High-resolution 3D imaging and time lapse 4D imaging typically involve timescales between 5 and 45 minutes, during which multiple frames are averaged using the frame averaging feature in the imaging software to improve the signal to background noise ratio.
The third timescale is the 'historical timescale', which extends from the present to the beginning of human history.
A major limitation is that genetic methods are not fast; they typically disrupt NMDA-Rs over timescales ranging from a week to the lifetime of an animal, during which time substantial compensatory effects in circuit function are observed (Engblom et al., 2008; Zweifel et al., 2008).
The shorter timescale for 2011 is not seen before the FNPP1 accident (Fig. 5a d), or in May, during which the 2011 profile is within the range of the annual variation (Fig. 5i l).
In contrast to Earth's geologic timescale, whose divisions get finer as we approach the present day, the past three billion years on Mars, during which little has changed, are considered one long era (the Amazonian, another ironic choice of names).
On the evolutional timescale, it appears that the major changes on the DAT sequence occur after a chromosomal translocation event during which the SLC6A3 locus changed its genomic position from chromosome13 in rodents to chromosome5 in primates.
The order of their timescale, approximately 1 Myr at 1 AU for objects making typical passes of 5 planetary radii near Earth or Venus, represents the interval during which a fresh Q-type affected by space weathering will remain a Q-type; at least the dominant signature from the asteroid surface is from materials that produce Q-type spectra.
The Drosophila amnioserosa epithelium progressively contracts over 3 hours of dorsal closure, during which cell apices exhibit area fluctuations driven by medial myosin pulses with periods of 1.5 6 min. Linking these two timescales and understanding how pulsatile contractions drive morphogenetic movements is an urgent challenge.
