Models need to incorporate costs, timescales, and logistical constraints, and account for the full burden of the intervention, including the possibility that public opinion may make some interventions impossible to implement or to sustain.
Further studies are needed to ascertain whether the loss of antennal coiling is irreversible on larger timescales, and whether evolutionary constraints have influenced courtship behavioural traits in a similar way in other groups.
6 7 Elliott and Popay 8 in a previous investigation of decision-making by local NHS policy makers found that the 'influence of research evidence on decision-making was tampered by factors such as financial constraints, shifting timescales and decision makers' own experiential knowledge.
Application of our modeled relationship provides a lower constraint of the timescale of the sintering interval over which porosity can be reduced to the values observed in the deposits under ambient pressure conditions, that is, neglecting the load of the overlying flowing mass.
So far we have made no use of the requirement of local connectivity and, given that g λ is an arbitrary function of position and can be different for different timescales, we have placed no constraints on the shape of the eigenvectors.
The detection of evolutionary patterns in metabolic innovations, as a consequence of a phylogeny not dominated by HGT events, allows more detailed constraints on a prokaryote timescale.
Consequently, models of esker sedimentation have been derived from morpho-sedimentary analyses of Quaternary eskers, but these lack rigorous constraints on their depositional timescales.
This suggests that the loss of antennal coiling is irreversible on the timescale examined here, and therefore that evolutionary constraints have greatly influenced the evolution of antennal courtship in this group of parasitoid wasps.
Our findings illustrate the relationship between both physiology and the effects of body mass on the ability to resolve temporal features of the environment on fine timescales, hence linking sensory adaptations to fundamental constraints and trade-offs imposed on all organisms.
If the molecular bases of DNA damage and repair mechanisms that control these genetic instabilities at the cellular level are well described [ 1, 2], the biophysical forces and selection constraints at work on an evolutionary timescale still need to be fully understood.
