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We modifies the retransmission timeout procedure in TCP to set statistical values, for example, and, to the initial values on vertical handover, and to set the propagation delay to a large value.
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If a normal ACK is received, F-RTO assumes that the vertical handover has occurred, and the TCP timeout retransmission procedure is cancelled.
Should the presence claim not be received before the timeout elapses, the revocation procedure would be triggered.
Timeout is one such procedure.
If an ACK is received in return, then the transmission continues where it is left off; otherwise, the same procedure regarding the timeout condition is executed.
The above schemes cannot prevent spurious timeout because their notification process gets started after BS finishes the whole transmission procedure for a packet.
In this method, we assume that the RoF STAs use the conventional DCF procedure except with respect to the values of an ACK timeout interval and a CTS timeout interval.
In addition, for the TCP traffic, inter-RAT handover procedure faces some specific problems, such as BDP (Bandwidth Delay Product) mismatch, premature timeout, false fast retransmit, and spurious RTO (Retransmission TimeOut) [2].
We design and implement a new detection and reaction system DREAM (a system for Detection and REAction to timeout mac layer Misbehavior) that identifies the malicious nodes through a set of monitoring and reaction procedures.
Timeout Niners.
Timeout, UConn.
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