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Trend test was used to assess time trend between socio-demographical factors, health status, and other variables and three surveys.
The change in time trend between the two periods was significant for both conotruncal defects (P=0.004 for interaction) and non-conotruncal defects (P=0.02).
Time trend between 2007 and 2010 showed decreasing hospitalization rates in PM-identified patients (−15% per year) compared to increasing rates in PCP-identified patients (+34% per year).
The Ljung-Box Q(12) statistic was 10.73 (p = 0.55), which implies that no additional lags were needed to remove the time trend between the observations.
The change in time trend between the two periods was significant both overall and for conotruncal defects and non-conotruncal defects.
The three interaction terms were for investigating the differences in the time trend between rural women and their counterparts in non-rural areas (The detailed definitions of the major explanatory variables can be found in Table 3).
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To characterize the changes over time within-subjects, free of any between-subject variability and the variation in the time trends between-subjects, statistical linear mixed-effects models (LME) were used.
In particular, robustness checks that partially address our concern of potentially different time trends between the treated and control groups in our main specification produce similar results (see Table 16 and columns (7) and (8) of Tables 17, 18, 19, and 20 where an alternative control group and other re-weighting schemes are considered30).
Apart from the potential issue of differing time trends between the control and treatment groups, the other robustness checks designed to address potential attenuation (Tables 23 and 24) and test the sensitivity of our results to other specification (Tables 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29) show that our results seem to be robust to these issues.
Our analysis disclosed time trends between the two cohorts.
Differences in time trends between 2007 and 2010 were quantified with the Cochran-Armitage-trend test.
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