An additional requirement for processing is that residual cross-links must be able to break and reform under the time scale of the reshaping step.
We expect that the time scale of the first step is at least nanoseconds (i.e., the time scale of the laser pulse), but may be longer, given the time it may take to grow and collapse gas bubbles, if they are involved in the mechanism.
On a second step, the time scale of the motion is introduced in the simulated data by means of well-known 2D correlations for the bubble and dense phase velocity.
As a result, very large time steps, constrained only by the dynamical time scale of interest, are possible without accuracy loss.
Alternatively, apoptotic and mitotic cells can also be readily distinguished by the time scale of puncta formation in live-cell imaging, as illustrated in step 7. 6.
The time scale of grid formation can be calculated considering that 1 million simulation time steps correspond to 10,000 s or nearly 3 hr.
Step-response experiments were used to identify a time scale of 5000 s which is associated with chemisorbed hydrogen.
Reconstructing the vesicle requires a complex series of steps and can take up to 30 seconds--an eternity in the time scale of neural communication.
Instead, typical time scale of macroscopic differentiation of multiple days suggests that some delays between subsequent cell differentiation steps need to be accounted for.
The time scale of various protein structural rearrangements, including those that are somewhat slower than the chemistry step (such as closure of the surface loop, residues 98 110, that brings the key residue, Arg109, into the active site; see Figure 1), is similar to the time scale of the chemical step, such that they are strongly coupled kinetically.
