The breakdown voltage, efficiency, and timing jitter demonstrated no significant change, though the afterpulsing probability increased significantly at lower temperatures as release time of trapped carriers extended [32].
It is a drawback if trying to analyze evolutionary or biogeographic patterns, by introducing a contingent factor related to the time of trapping for each sample (e.g. [23]).
Building dates for roads, housing developments, and commercial areas were used to calculate the ages (in years) at which patches were 100% isolated up to the time of trapping for this study (patch age; Table 1).
Although the network of traps in northern Australia is extensive there are a range of factors that can affect the sensitivity of vector surveillance, including trap- and species-specific factors, meteorological conditions at time of trapping and proximity of traps to established Culicoides populations [ 30, 43, 44].
Additionally, we showed that time of day, trap height and trap placement influenced the number of Lygus spp. captured.
The high number of inactive traps (i.e., no response to the trigger) and the apparent slower response time of the trap closure suggest an alteration in the generation or propagation of the APs in microgravity.
However, the invocation time of the trap depends on the cache state and is between 6 cycles in the best case and 426 cycles in the worst case a factor in the order of two magnitudes.
Active cooling also shortens the cooling time of the trap.
TRAP staining showed low numbers of osteoclasts in all groups, irrespective of treatment, suggesting bone loss had already occurred at the time of sacrifice (TRAP mean score ± SEM on day 21: NaCl 0.5 ± 0.3, IgG 0.4 ± 0.2, CD97 mAb 0.3 ± 0.3, P = 0.7 [ n = 4 to 8 per group]).
A long retention time of holes trapped by the Ge NC was found.
