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Relaxtion time of charge without disorder (without localization).
Here, τ 0 is the relaxation time of charge without disorder (without localization), and T is the temperature.
This causes efficient charge separation, increases the life time of charge carriers, and enhances the efficiency of interfacial charge transfer to the adsorbed substrates.
In addition, the photoinduced electrons can easily migrate to the rGO moiety, leading to the efficient separation and prolonged recombination time of charge carriers.
However, imaging is complicated by the strong light scattering in the nanoporous photoanode and the long residence time of charge carriers under the conditions of SECM imaging with low mediator concentrations.
The presence of transition metal cations such as cerium doped on the mesoporous materials, such as MCM-41 and MCM-48, may prevent the recombination between the photogenerated holes and electrons or elongate the time of charge separation because it acts as an electron acceptor center [18, 19].
Similar(52)
The CPS, meanwhile, issued a terse statement that said: "If we had been made aware of all of this information at the time of charging, we would not have charged".
The relaxation time of charges corresponds the maximum of ε"−ω curve at certain temperature.
Simulation results of neural network controller show a more steady quality and extended time of charging.
(4 where t s is the start time of charging; t c is the duration of charging; and α is a random number in interval (0,1).
During the breakup stage the breakup time of charged droplets and the degree of bag elongation before breakup are all shorter than uncharged ones.
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