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The idea is to design NE controllers from successive time differentiations of the first-order variation of the NCO.
Thus, using these forces in Newton's second law we find: :\boldsymbol{F} + \boldsymbol{F_{cf}} + \boldsymbol{F_{Cor}} = m \ddot{\boldsymbol{r}} \, where over dots represent time differentiations, and F is the net real force (as opposed to the fictitious forces).
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This formulation has a form involving the observer time differentiation outside the integrals.
In the second formulation, the time differentiation is taken inside the integrals analytically.
Here, the prime denotes time differentiation and C D κ, κ = α, β, γ denotes fractional time differentiation (in the sense of Caputo).
This formulation avoids the numerical time differentiation with respect to the observer time, which is computationally more efficient.
In particular, we can cope quite easily with variable time steps and with multistep time differentiation methods like, e.g., the backward differentiation formula of order 2 (BDF2) scheme.
Experimental results demonstrate that this integrated approach can enable Web servers to provide robust proportional response time differentiation.
During this time differentiation between samples take place by virtue of their (in general) different responses to the interventions administered in the trial.
(1990a, b), we define ξ ˙ m = - v i, i m, (2 whereξ is the variation of fluid content and a dot above a variable denotes time differentiation.
The ∆PWV consists of time differentiation in the PWV maps with respect to a "calm" moment when the PWV content in the atmosphere is limited.
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