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This formulation has a form involving the observer time differentiation outside the integrals.
In the second formulation, the time differentiation is taken inside the integrals analytically.
Here, the prime denotes time differentiation and C D κ, κ = α, β, γ denotes fractional time differentiation (in the sense of Caputo).
This formulation avoids the numerical time differentiation with respect to the observer time, which is computationally more efficient.
Experimental results demonstrate that this integrated approach can enable Web servers to provide robust proportional response time differentiation.
In particular, we can cope quite easily with variable time steps and with multistep time differentiation methods like, e.g., the backward differentiation formula of order 2 (BDF2) scheme.
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The idea is to design NE controllers from successive time differentiations of the first-order variation of the NCO.
7 Real-time differentiation has been proposed as part of a 'resect and discard' strategy in which diminutive (≤5 mm) neoplastic polyps are resected without pathological evaluation, and diminutive rectosigmoid non-neoplastic polyps are left in situ.
However, the differences were displayed (P < 0.05) in induction time and differentiation rate when they differentiated into neuron-like cells.
The outgassing must have occurred on a colossal scale if the accreting particles had retained their volatiles right up to the time of differentiation.
Based on (12) and (13), we can obtain the arbitrary n th moment of service time by differentiation.
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