Figure 1 Volume of standing timber damaged by disturbances in Europe, 1850-2010.
The flood took lives of 4 horses, washed away 4 timber cantilever bridges, 148 pieces of timber, damaged 1 acre of land, and washed away 1 km of trail.
Interest in timber insurance has grown recently in some countries, partly because forest damage caused by disturbance is increasing (e.g. Schelhaas 2008).
More than of timber was damaged or destroyed, mainly by the lateral blast.
Aquaculture is a very common vector of species introductions – mainly of species with economic potential (e.g., Oreochromis niloticus) The unintentional introduction of forest pest species and plant pathogens can change forest ecology and damage the timber industry.
We specify management objectives and develop measurable attributes for fire management costs, timber supply, property damage, landscape-level biodiversity, local air quality and climate change.
Large landslides in Quaternary sediments are commonplace in the Peace River regions of Alberta and British Columbia (Geertsema et al. 2006; Miller and Cruden 2008), and many of the landslides create dams which disrupt streamflow, damage timber, and threaten infrastructure both downstream and upstream.
Because logging removes biomass through harvested timber and logging damage [38]-[40] [38]-[40]h we accounted in the model, the predicted biomass accumulation in the absence oforogging is even greater (4.9 t ha −1 yr −1 on average across the first 40 yr).
Because logging removes biomass through harvested timber and logging damage [ 38- 40], for which we accounted in the model, the predicted biomass accumulation in the absence of logging is even greater (4.9 t ha −1 yr −1 on average across the first 40 yr).
Belatedly, in parts of Amazonia such as Paragominas, where much local forest is either razed or damaged, timber firms are coming to see unharmed woodland as an asset that, properly managed, can yield a good income forever.
