Jiang et al. (2013b) considered several possibilities such as (i) the accuracy of SSN, (ii) sunspot tilt angle variation, and (iii) the variation in the meridional circulation during cycle 23.
A lower thickness can reduce the tilt angle variations but would require a more involved process to apply the solder bumps.
In our experiments we used solder bumps that were 70 μm tall as measured in the center of the bump leading to a tilt angle variations of approximately 0.7°.
However, they are generally associated with impulsive ground tilt variations exceeding a threshold value of 0.03 microradian (T#1 T 19 in Fig. 2).
The normal tilt variations with latitude follow Joy's law revealing a periodicity along the meridian of about 10° and reaching the maximum of 14° at the latitude of about 32° corresponding to the top of the 'royal zone' where the sunspots appear.
There are small oscillations around this state and in the case of Mars these axial tilt variations are chaotic.
Excitation pulses consisted of tilt-optimised non-saturated excitation (TONE) pulses with nominal flip angle variation of 16 24° in the feet head direction over the slab.
Head tilt and variation was evident for Hadza images and so images were selected by ACL on the basis of having a young adult appearance, a neutral expression, and they were looking directly the camera.
Indeed, the latitudinal position of the cusp footprint depends on the dipole tilt angle, which exhibits both an annual variation and daily variation.
Why this sudden upsurge in activity occurred is not fully known, but it appears that Uranus's extreme axial tilt results in extreme seasonal variations in its weather.
Previous experience indicates that tilt correction significantly reduces the observed variation in spiral grain (Cown et al. 2010).
