Based on the vehicle's actual acceleration (aV), transversal accelerometer measurement (fx), forward accelerometer measurement (fy) and vertical gyro measurement (ωz) the off-plane motion can be estimated and consequently compensate tilt errors to obtain accurate azimuth calculation.
The NanoTracer does not experience tilt errors that may be produced with fluid-reliant instruments (such as a condensation particle counter) during vigorous use (such as for active transport monitoring); therefore, this device has potential for application in the field, which has been shown through previous research [ 33].
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) images are often degraded due to the effects of two (or more) protrusions on the probe tip (i.e. effective mini-tips on a blunt tip), as well as containing sample tilt errors, image bow and drift, and stepping errors that occur while scanning the tip in two dimensions (2D) over the sample surface.
The analysis results showed that the MTF were higher than 0.4 in spatial frequency of 30 (lp/mm), when the system has offset error below 5 mm and tilt error below 0.3°.
To eliminate the tilt error, a self-calibration device was designed, and the tilt error compensation method by adjusting the flight motion simulator was described.
The middle ones and outer ones are all sensitive to the tilt error, especially tilt along X, Y axis.
However, the tilt error would affect the position of the PSF, and it should be eliminated.
After the pupil function of synthesis optical system reconstructed, Fourier-optics method and ray-tracing method were adopted to analyze the effect on PSF and MTF caused by "offset error" and "tilt error".
By using of beam bending theory and strain electric measurement theory, the origins of the errors of the twin-cantilever measuring system were analyzed, and a synthetic error formula of the system was established, which contains four components, the contact offset error, the tilt error, the Abbe error and the implicated error.
Simulation results, based on two- and three-dimensional models of heat conduction, are verified with experimental measurements of prototype structures and are used to predict the dependence of the tilt error on the geometry, boundary conditions, and material properties of the tubular segments.
Near-field strong-motion acceleration waveforms are sensitive to the rupture history of earthquakes and the ground motion during earthquakes; however, they are prone to be affected by saturation for large earthquakes (Bilich et al. 2008), coseismic ground tilts, and errors owing to analog-to-digital conversion (Boore 2003).
