During VOR-increase training, there was a tight, trial-by-trial correlation between the activity of the climbing fiber input to a given Purkinje cell and the induction of changes in its simple-spike output.
Moreover, during a smooth pursuit oculomotor learning task, there is a tight, trial-by-trial correlation between the occurrence of individual spikes in a climbing fiber and changes in cerebellar output on the subsequent trial, suggesting that climbing fiber spikes provide a potent and reliable trigger for plasticity (Medina and Lisberger, 2008; Yang and Lisberger, 2010, 2013).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02076.007 The tight, trial-by-trial correlation between the occurrence of a climbing fiber spike on one trial, and the change in Purkinje cell simple spike output on the next trial suggests that the activation of the climbing fibers is what is triggering the changes in Purkinje cell output during VOR-increase training.
A tight efficacy trial, focusing intensely on both glycemic control and on side effects, and which could be the basis for larger studies, possibly observational, in real life settings, is badly needed.
We realize that the criteria used in our review are tight, excluding trials that may have potential clinical significance, but our primary aim was to collect evidence for treatment of elderly patients with proximal humerus fracture.
Security was tight around the trial's venue, with hundreds of black-clad riot police backed by armoured vehicles deployed around the sprawling complex.
Justice JOHN EDWARDS is too tight with the trial lawyers to be attorney general, and isn't-it-a-fact-that RICHARD BEN-VENISTE is too overtly partisan.
But in another single-centre trial, tight glycemic control during cardiac surgery had no effect on the incidence of renal failure [ 7].
In major clinical trials, tight control of blood glucose and blood pressure has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of retinopathy and associated blindness (3).
In the randomized trial, for tight as compared with the less-tight control of blood pressure, there were relative risk reductions of 24%% for any diabetes-related endpoint, 32%% for diabetes-related death, 44%% for stroke, and 37 % for microvascular disease [ 37].
For the intervention, all the trials used tight glycemic control (80 110 mg/dL) except for one trial used that used two glycemic subcategories: 80 110 mg/dL or 120 150 mg/dL [ 23].
