The promoter methylation of the maspin gene leads to gene silencing in several tumors such as breast, thyroid, skin, and colon cancer and it has been recognized as one of the most frequent mechanisms causing loss of gene function.
This grafting site has been shown to be permissive for the development of many organs such as ovarian cortex, thyroid, skin and airway [25] [28].
Later studies found foreign gene expression after direct injection into other tissues such as heart, thyroid, skin and liver [4] [7].
Ten-year survival rates of thyroid, skin and breast cancer were higher than 85 90%.
Infiltration of liver, lungs, spleen, thyroid, skin, conjunctiva and false vocal cord may also occur [ 3, 8].
Increased incidence of lymphomas, fibrosarcomas and neoplasms of liver, lung, thyroid, skin, tongue, hard palate and nasal turbinates have been found [ 21].
Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with X and Y chromosome specific probes was performed on sections of paraffin-embedded tissue, including liver, spleen, thymus, thyroid, and skin.
As demonstrated by Cancer Profiling Arrays data in Figures 1 and 2, a high percentage of patients displayed a down-regulation of CHL1 expression in breast, kidney, rectum, colon, thyroid, stomach, skin, small intestine, bladder, vulva and pancreatic cancer.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an aggressive, fast-growing lymphoma that can arise in lymph nodes or outside of the lymphatic system (e.g., in the gastrointestinal tract, testes, thyroid, or skin).
Frequent down-regulation (>40% of cases) was detected in 11 types of cancer (breast, kidney, rectum, colon, thyroid, stomach, skin, small intestine, bladder, vulva and pancreatic cancer) and frequent up-regulation (>40% of cases) – in 5 types (lung, ovary, uterus, liver and trachea) of cancer.
The spleen[ 15], kidneys, pancreas, adrenals, breast, thyroid and skin[ 16] are rarely involved.
