Sentence examples for thyroid disruption from inspiring English sources

Blood samples were analyzed for compounds based on a priori identified literature-cited evidence of thyroid disruption.

The case for thyroid disruption in early life stage exposures to thiram in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Accumulation and debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) induces thyroid disruption and liver alterations.

While most of the studies on these chemicals' role in diseases have not demonstrated a conclusive causal relationship and therefore require more evidence, PBDEs have been linked to neurodevelopmental delays, obesity, endocrine and thyroid disruption, and cancer.

Thus, a holistic and comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying thyroid disruption, may lead to changes in public policy and awareness, and make it possible to limit adverse outcomes for future generations.

Other chemicals like the flame retardants, PBDEs, antimicrobials like triclosan, and a rocket fuel ingredient called perchlorate have been linked to thyroid disruption.

The mechanisms of thyroid-disruption may be multiple, because experimental studies have suggested that phthalates interfere with binding of T3 to transport proteins (Ishihara et al. 2003), interacting with the active T3 uptake at the plasma membrane (Shimada and Yamauchi 2004) or exerting antagonistic activity at the thyroid receptors (Shen et al. 2009).

Our objective here is to review what is known about the relationships between chemical exposure, early biological effects (upstream events), and later overt effects (downstream events) through three case studies (thyroid hormone disruption, antiandrogen effects, immune system disruption) and to consider how to evaluate hazard and risk when early biological effect data are available.

Most of these studies have focused on thyroid hormone disruption and a smaller number on disruption of the estrogen/androgen hormone system [reviewed by Darnerud (2008)].

Reported additional modes of action [9] include liver damage [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], disrupted pancreatic Beta-cell function [15], thyroid hormone disruption [16] and obesity promoting effects [17].

Thyroid axis disruption is an important consideration when evaluating risks associated with chemicals.