Her past medical history was notable for multiple uterine leiomyomata, follicular thyroid carcinoma and cutaneous basal cell carcinomas.
Abnormal thyroid function test and cutaneous deposition of mucin on histopathology suggested the diagnosis.The case is reported for its uncommon manifestation.
Mutations in the BRAF gene have been described in the majority of cutaneous melanomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma and to a lesser extent in other cancers.
Thus, BRAF oncogenic mutations were detected in about 40-50% of cutaneous melanoma and thyroid papillary carcinoma, 30% of ovarian carcinoma and 15% of colorectal cancers [3], [4], [5].
High levels of Tβ10 expression were found in the metastatic tumor of thyroid [ 17, 18] and cutaneous malignancy [ 19]; while the low level of Tβ10 expression was associated with metastatic cervical carcinoma [ 20] and CCA [ 9].
The patient, at this point, was tentatively diagnosed to have thyroid cancer with bone and cutaneous metastases.
Initially we, and others, had observed PTEN in the nucleus using immunohistochemical analyses in breast, thyroid, endocrine pancreatic tumours and cutaneous melanomas (11– 11).
Cancer types with moderate to high frequencies of non-synonymous mutations in the EGFR pathway (> 50%; Figure 1A) were combined for subsequent analysis: uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), thyroid carcinoma (THCA) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD).
PTU, probably through its direct effect on reactive oxygen species or indirectly through thyroid function inhibition, prevents the development of cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis by blocking the activation of the Ras-ERK pathway in the oxidant-stress animal model of SSc.
As such, S100A6 was shown to be significantly up-regulated in the tumor tissue of cutaneous melanoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, stomach and thyroid cancer, astrocytoma or pancreas ductal adenocarcinomas [24 29].
