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To ensure that these differences did not impact on the content validity of the questionnaire, comparisons with the Swedish version of the SF-36 were made throughout the translation process.
At last, general notions of translation depicts the students' whole process of translation, because it depends on the students' ideas and attitudes towards translation, and shows that they have an aim for a particular translation task, which determines the students' solution of translation problems throughout the translation process (Orozco, 2001).
Item equivalence refers to whether equivalence of meaning of the items is maintained throughout the translation process [ 18].
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3) The translators learned during the translation process.
SP and PB were members of the Process Subcommittee and participated in the adjudication of comments and decisions regarding refinement of the translation process throughout its iterations.
Have you been involved in the translation process?
The translation process of MBT2 consists of three stages:.
The translation process starts by isolating words the viewer wants to understand.
The translation process included forward and backward translations and reconciliation.
The expert committee analysed all steps in the translation process.
In addition, the translation process is transparent to the user.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com