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Yeast cells form biofilm through cell cell adhesion in response to stress through triggering the Ras/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways and expressing the FLO genes (Verstrepen and Klis 2006).
Interestingly, it was demonstrated that HANs also could have toxic effect on cancer cells through triggering the apoptosis, which leads to cell death and inhibits proliferation [12, 21 28].
In addition, ROS could induce insoluble protein aggregates that are toxic to cells and cause cell death especially necrosis through triggering the necrosis-associated membrane rupture.
Estrogens contribute to the initiation and promotion of cancer through triggering the proliferation of breast epithelium and stroma.
The LPS induction of eotaxin-1 was linked to oxidative stress through triggering the signaling pathway of TLR4-PKCγ1-PKCβ2-NADPH oxidases disturbyd by astragalin.
16, 17 Further analyses have revealed that HIF-1α promotes doxorubicin resistance through triggering the upregulation of Max dimerization protein 1 (MXD18, 18 carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) 19 and multiple drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1).
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Despite Hawaii's tropical location, during several past ice ages a drop of only a degree in temperature allowed snow to remain at the mountain's summit through summer, triggering the formation of an ice cap.
Nucleosome bound HMGB1 (occurring as a result of incomplete apoptotic processing or secondary necrosis of apoptotic cells) will also activate antigen presenting cells through triggering of the TLR2 receptor.
He read a letter an old friend posted through the door, triggering the only tears my mum remembers.
AgrA also induces expression of the Agr proteins through the RNAII transcript, triggering the autoinduction phenomenon.
Many chemotherapy drugs produce antitumor effects by triggering the apoptosis through a variety of molecular mechanisms [ 28].
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