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Light shining through the plume of matter coming from the surface provides information about the plume's composition.
After past, higher-altitude journeys through the plume, Cassini has detected water vapor, methane, nitrogen, ammonia and other molecules associated with life.
Crashing the rocket stage into the surface would produce a plume of vapor and dust; a satellite passing through the plume would analyze it for signs of water.
"We're going to see the impact," Mr. Andrews said, "and then fly through the plume while looking into the crater and also looking sideways 90 degrees out into space to see the plume material against the darkness".
About 15 minutes later, the trailing "shepherding spacecraft," loaded with infrared cameras and spectroscopes to determine chemical composition, is to fly through the plume, taking and relaying data before itself hitting the Moon.
We can fly through the plume and sample it.
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Wednesday's dive was the deepest Cassini will make through the plumes, only 30 miles above the icy surface.
They also discovered plumes erupting from the south pole of another Saturn moon, Enceladus, suggesting the presence of underground water and prompting talk about a future mission to cruise through the plumes.
Our host, a Bulgarian friend of my father's (Bulgaria's Walter Cronkite was how he was always described to Americans like us), had earlier paused along the highway from Sofia to let us stretch our legs, whereupon my father, getting out of the car and squinting skyward through the plumes of car exhaust, declared, "The sky really is bluer here".
As Cassini flew through the plumes of vapor and ice crystals rising into space from the eruptions, it also detected simple carbon-based molecules like methane and carbon dioxide, which suggest more complicated carbon molecules may lie on the moon's surface.
Its instruments can't capture microbes or detect life, but in a couple of dozen passes through the plumes of Enceladus, it has detected various molecules associated with life: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, molecular nitrogen, propane, acetylene, formaldehyde and traces of ammonia.
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