Eiger, the unique TNF-superfamily ligand in Drosophila, potently activates JNK signaling through the activation of the MAPKKK Tak1.
More recently, it has been demonstrated that pterostilbene can reduce cholesterol levels in vivo in hamsters through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) [ 10].
Prostratin, like other PKC activators induces virus from latency through the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB [ 10].
Metformin is known to activate the AMPK pathway, possibly through the activation of the LKB1 suppressor gene (22).
UV rays have also been shown, through the activation of the stress-responsive p38 kinase, to modulate the activity of cellular transcription factors [37], [38].
The chemotactic activity of CyPA is mediated, in part, through the activation of the ubiquitous Ig like CD147 cell receptor.
One potential way to bypass these particular challenges due to the expression of TLR4 on glioma cells is through the activation of the Fas pathway.
It was explored that the possible molecular mechanisms of triggering the apoptosis was identified through the activation of the caspase cascades.
Nicotine, through the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, might partially and indirectly slow bone healing by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion [14].
Here we demonstrate minimally-invasive and remote neural excitation through the activation of the heat-sensitive capsaicin receptor TRPV1 by magnetic nanoparticles.
These results suggest that xenon-delayed postconditioning improves neurological outcomes to spinal cord I/R injury in rats through the activation of the AKT and ERK signaling pathways.
