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On the basis of visual observation and typical pressure drop and liquid holdup measurements using air and water, it can be concluded that, in the reactor packing, gas and liquid flow through separate pathways with the possibility of periodic contact.
Thus, these data suggest that PKCα and PKCδ regulate PMA-induced HB-EGF shedding through separate pathways, with PKCα acting in response to low concentrations of PMA by inducing ADAM17 activation, and PKCδ playing a role in both transport of HB-EGF to the cell surface and ADAM17 activation after exposure to higher concentrations of PMA.
If however the magnitude of the competitive defect exhibited by a prfA* ΔsigB double mutant was equivalent to the sum of the defects exhibited by the prfA* and ΔsigB single mutants (Fig. 4A), this would suggest that PrfA and SigB alter stress resistance through separate pathways.
Downregulation of both these molecules acted to inhibit cellular senescence, through separate pathways.
Therefore the influence of PA and CRF on MS may occur through separate pathways.
These findings imply that IL-18 contributes, through separate pathways, to joint inflammation and cartilage destruction.
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In the case of the biomass reaction, it may not be computationally feasible to generate a pathway fragment collection that traverses all substrates simultaneously, but one may compute cut sets for individual biomass components through separate pathway fragment runs.
In Fig. 8 we propose a speculative model in which ACh acts as a dispersal factor through two separate pathways.
This led to the observation that both DHEA and resveratrol utilize the glycolytic pathway to inhibit TXNIP, however, they acted through two separate pathways mediated respectively by the inhibition of G6PDH and the activation of AMPK.
Together, these findings indicate that PMA-induced HB-EGF shedding acts through at least two separate pathways – one relying on PKCα and the other involving both PKCδ and ERK activation.
The separate pathways through RLTBI and LLTBI to, RIITB, RAITB, RINTB or RANTB allow us to quantify the number of active TB cases due to endogenous reactivation and exogenous recent transmission.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com