The close relationship between statistical issues and cost is discussed, highlighting the importance of sampling design, replication and power, and comparing the costs of alternative designs through pilot studies and simulation modeling.
The concentration of nicotine in each solution was determined through pilot studies.
This increases the efficiency of the design through a Bayesian approach, with estimates usually obtained through pilot studies [ 30, 51].
This study suggests that sufficient modifications to the content through pilot studies will enable different cultures, such as Japan, to adopt CST.
Questions for the survey were developed through pilot studies that sought to understand the issues that are of importance to patients [ 11].
Through pilot studies conducted in late 2004 at the Children's Hospital of Boston and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, researchers gathered physical, sonographic, and biochemical data from infants fed soy formula, cow's milk formula, or breast milk.
Some were new interventions, evaluated through pilot studies, demonstration projects or early phase trials (e.g. Tramarin 1992; Rabow 2004 and Higginson 2009, respectively); others existed for some time (e.g. the palliative care home support team in McWhinney 1994 existed for 18 months, the hospital-based home care (HBHC) team in Hughes 1992 existed for 13 years).
Implementation mainly took place through a training program, evaluation through a pilot study.
The feasibility, acceptability, and usefulness of ImTeCHO were then tested through a pilot study in a population of 45,000, through 45 ASHAs and the staff of two PHCs with active facilitation by SEWA Rural.
