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Similarly, through extinction, one of the two descendants gets extinct in part of the ancestral range, breaking the geographic association between ancestor and descendants, such as the extinction of the ancestor of ratites in New Zealand after an initial "duplication" event in East Gondwana (Fig. 3c).
To erase the memory that linked blue squares with pain, the volunteers were put through "extinction training" which involved flashing blue squares on the screen without the accompanying electrical shocks.
The process can mean reinforcing and reintroducing a species within its range - the area it is traditionally found - for example, grey wolves in Yellowstone national park in the US - or introducing a species outside its native range to boost numbers or replace a function in an ecosystem that has been lost through extinction.
30, 190 202] are reviewed, as is the assessment of temporal control of inhibition produced through extinction [Denniston, J.C., Miller, R.R., 2003. The role of temporal variables in inhibition produced through extinction. Learn. Behav. 31, 35 48].
The last of the hunter/gatherers are pretty much gone through cultural assimilation, for the most part but in some instances through extinction pure and simple.
Experiment 2 then used an extinction procedure that allowed time in the CS and the number of trials to accumulate differentially through extinction.
Similar(42)
Humans have profoundly altered geomorphic pathways through extinctions and the near-extirpation of native populations of animal species that strongly influenced hydrology and removal of surface sediment and through the introduction of populations of animals that bring to bear a suite of different geomorphic effects on environmental systems.
Fear reinstatement can cause relapse in spite of successful fear reduction through extinction-based exposure therapy.
Fragmentation might induce parasite community diversification through local extinction driven by drift, or through species sorting and adaptation driven by local differences in biotic (e.g., the availability of intermediate and final hosts) or abiotic (e.g., turbidity, wave action and substrate type) conditions.
A second book, which continues the story through the extinction of dinosaurs, is due next year, and she plans a third.
In addition, the plasmon resonance absorptions were examined through theoretical extinction spectra simulated by the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) model.
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