It is also expected that commercial payers and Medicaid will follow Medicare's lead, and begin linking payments to quality of care either measured through the VBP or another scoring system.
All laboratory testing was done by standard measures through either the Department of Laboratory Medicine at NIH or Mayo Medical laboratories.
Because of its simplicity and practical applicability, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) has been widely used to elicit individuals' health value functions, either through measuring preferences for specific health states [ 1, 2] or through evaluating their own health-related quality of life (HRQL) [ 3- 5].
Lots of people in the UK tried to get rid of apartheid, either through large measures, or through quiet shows of solidarity.
Visual complexity can be measured either through mean subjective ratings of images' detail, or objectively through jpeg file size.
Studies identified depressed patients at baseline through either self-report measures or screening, the latter using a psychiatric diagnostic interview for depression.
The presence of cognitive impairment, assessed through either proxy/other subjective measures or 4 or more errors on clinically validated short screening tools such as the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire [ 40] were strongly linked to subsequent NH admission (see Figure 2).
The multivariate specification also offers consistent evidence of the positive impact that increases in non-wage input factor prices (measured either through the growth in the COICOP index "Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels" or the oil inflation rate) exert on the inflation rate, thus reducing the degree of competitiveness of the Spanish economy.
For use in disease surveillance, the tool enables identification of farms with many contacts – either directly through degree measures or sequentially through contact chain.
The findings of this report suggest those programs could be more effective if supplemented by measures that improve workers' wages and benefits, either through public policy measures such as living and minimum wage laws, or through collective bargaining.
The life history traits we typically measured were preadult survival, developmental time (time to pupation/emergence), adult body size, measured through either wing length or dry weight at death, and adult longevity until death by starvation.
