Today, the threshold elevation for effective orographic barriers blocking approximately 90% of incoming moisture in the south-central Andes is ca. 1.5 to 2 km2,22.
Loss of GABAB receptors in cochlear neurons: threshold elevation suggests modulation of outer hair cell function by type II afferent fibers.
Therefore, the increase in δDwax and δ18Osc values at 6.5 Ma can be interpreted to reflect rapid aridification in response to the Sierra de León Muerto reaching a threshold elevation of 2 km.
Repeated cyanide administration caused a persistent CAP threshold elevation despite the rapid recovery of EP and CAP observed following acute KCN administration.
In particular, the transition from mud flat to vegetated state is locally abrupt, occurring at a critical threshold elevation, but, on broader spatial scales can occur over a range of elevations determined by the variability in high tide water levels.
Despite these net accretional responses, the beach dune system experiences relatively frequent (return interval ~ 1.53 years) erosive events when total water levels exceed a local erosional threshold elevation of 5.5 m above regional chart datum.
We studied top-down attentional effects on adaptation to two aspects of sinusoidal gratings: contrast (CTE: contrast threshold elevation for detection) and orientation (TAE: tilt aftereffect, bias in perceived orientation).
Functional efferent synaptic activity was observed in aged animals, and the degree of efferent innervation increased alongside afferent loss, outer hair cell death, and threshold elevation.
However, no threshold elevation has been detected in patients with migraines [8, 10], which suggests that the threshold elevations detected in the present study could be characteristic of TTH itself rather than the ototoxic effects of analgesics.
The results in terms of lower distortion visibility for the bezels case corresponds well with that from standard spatial vernier acuity threshold elevation as gap width increases.
