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There is a threefold incidence in the canine, with middle aged, non-spayed female dogs being the most affected [ 1, 2].
This was recently emphazised by Zerbini et al, who demonstrated a threefold incidence of microalbuminuria and almost threefold faster decline in GFR during the 9 years follow-up of the highest quartile of ultrasound-measured kidneys of normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic subjects [ 12].
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On the other hand, Uccella et al. reported a threefold increased incidence associated with laparoscopic single-layer interrupted suturing compared with transvaginal closure with interrupted sutures (0.18 and 0.64 %, respectively) [7].
In this middle-aged cohort, diabetics had a threefold higher incidence of organ failure over three years than non-diabetics.
Soerjomatar [ 13] has reported a threefold increased incidence of new breast cancers among women who have had breast cancer in a population in southern Netherlands.
There was a threefold higher incidence of noise from patients in the ceramic-on-ceramic group compared with the control group.
34 More children receiving polytherapy in this study developed ADRs, with up to a threefold higher incidence of ADRs compared to monotherapy.
The Wisconsin Sleep Study, a prospective population study of 1032 healthy volunteers, showed a threefold increased incidence of snoring and daytime sleepiness in volunteers with self-reported nocturnal nasal congestion.
In our study population, diabetic patients had a more than threefold higher incidence of 1.8% per year for hard cardiac events compared with nondiabetic patients, who had an annual event rate of 0.5%.
However, it seems that global cardiovascular risk would remain higher in treated hypertensive subjects presenting with metabolic syndrome, as suggested by a threefold higher incidence of new-onset diabetes and double prevalence of positive microalbuminuria (18).
Patients with diabetes have reduced regional function in the noninfarct zone despite a similar ejection fraction compared to control patients without diabetes, and have a two- to threefold greater incidence of HF after acute MI [ 7, 25].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com