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(Joyce: "Three quarks for Muster Mark!") Soon, we're on to quasars.
Quarks, one of the basic building-blocks of matter, were named in the 1960s after a line from his novel "Finnegans Wake"—three quarks for Muster Mark!—because they were then thought to come in three types (the number is now known to be six).
Three quarks for muster Mark?
"Then, in one of my occasional perusals of Finnegans Wake, by James Joyce, I came across the word 'quark' in the phrase 'Three quarks for Muster Mark'," he explained in his book, the Quark and the Jaguar.
(Name taken from Joyce's Finnegans Wake: "Three quarks for Muster Mark").
In the academic field, physicist Murray Gell-Mann named a type of subatomic particle as a quark, after the phrase "Three quarks for Muster Mark" on page 383 of Finnegans Wake, as he already had the sound "kwork".
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However, the omega-minus particle, for example, contains three quarks of the same flavour, sss, and has spin 3/2, so the quarks must also all be in the same spin state.
In baryons subatomic particles built from three quarks, as, for example, protons and neutrons the three quarks are each of a different colour, and a mixture of the three colours produces a particle that is neutral.
A proton, for example, consists of three quarks -- two so-called up quarks and one down quark.
For example, the spins of the three quarks can be arranged so that they do not cancel.
The baryon number (B) is + for all quarks, as baryons are made of three quarks.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com