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We therefore used three denominators in our analyses: 1) all newspaper titles; 2) ranked newspaper titles; and 3) total circulation of ranked newspapers.
We used three denominators to calculate rates of gene duplication (ie rate equals distance/time, and we used three different metrics of evolutionary 'time' to calculate gene duplications/time).
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We calculated ranges for each estimate based on two denominators – those responding, and the entire workforce – but, if our supposition was correct, the lower limit of each range (higher denominator) would better apply.
The calving rate was calculated using two denominators: cows (adult females that have calved at least once) and sexually mature heifers and cows, for comparison with rates based on females over three years or more as calculated by Dahl and Hjort (1976).
10 12 14 15 17 23 As can be seen from the footnotes to the table, no two denominators are defined in the same way and none are comprehensive at a community level.
The numbers of holdings per county according to the two denominators (agricultural survey vs. 'shotgun') were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.84, Figure 1).
Therefore the first two denominators may be a more realistic representation of the population at risk, therefore these estimates may be the most accurate.
The difference between the two denominators is minor, though the distinction, which recognizes the plurality of candidates for antepartum stillbirth within multi-fetal pregnancies, is necessary from an epidemiologic perspective.
Coupled with the fact that roundness alone could separate cancer samples from AAH and BNH, this leads to an increased selectivity for the combined use of the two denominators.
Multiply the two denominators to find a common denominator.
Multiply the two denominators together: 11 x 4 = 44.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com