According to the protection motivation theory, coping appraisal responses which lead to the establishment of protection motivation occur after the threat-appraisal process, as a threat needs to be identified before coping options can be evaluated [ 11].
Based on the temporal relations identified in these theoretical frameworks, our results suggest that communications containing information about risk and severity are likely to promote both threat appraisal and coping appraisal processes, and can motivate protective behaviours given a perceived ability to implement recommended actions.
Protection motivation theory proposes that, when individuals are confronted with a health threat (skin cancer risk), they engage in two cognitive processes: threat appraisal and coping appraisal [ 21].
The Protection Motivation Theory [ 82, 83] states that people can be motivated to protect their health by two processes: threat appraisal and coping appraisal.
Hence, threat appraisal and coping style are two key aspects of the stress response process and can modify the association between stress exposure and health outcomes.
According to this theory, adaptation appraisal comes after the risk perception process and only starts if a special or threshold of threat appraisal is exceeded.
Genetic risk information may also serve as a more durable reminder of threat over time, and serve to reinforce the importance of the coping plan through the appraisal process [ 21].
An adverse primary appraisal of threat and harm resulting from multiple chronic diseases compounded by a perceived lack of social support in the secondary appraisal process could result in depressive mood.
The appraisal process can be tricky.
"The appraisal process is retroactive," said Kevin Nunnink, chairman of Integra Realty Resources, a company specializing in appraisals.
All of this requires an upward appraisal process.
