Four breakup regimes of the viscoelastic thread were observed: besides the thread rupturing at both ends or at the downstream end likewise in Newtonian fluid, the breakup could also occur at the upstream end, displaying two additional patterns.
With no mucomodulators, the mucus threads ruptured after stretching up to 5too 8 mm, while it ruptured after stretching around 30 to 50 mm following exposure to mucomodulators.
Since we did not have a Filancemeter on site, we anchored the mucus in a fang of the dog and used a wooden pick or a needle to pull the mucus and observed it stretching and forming long threads before rupture.
In both groups, the failure mode registered in each specimen was suture breakage (rupture of suture thread).
For every mucus sample, four measurements of the length of the thread at the moment of rupture were made, and used to compute the spinnability in mm.
A low current is applied to the sample from a voltage supply, and when the sample is stretched vertically, the apparatus electronically measures the maximum length of the thread at the moment of the rupture of the thread.
Thus, fibrils seemed not purely the artificial result of longitudinal fractures in the highly oriented thread material, caused for example by breaks and ruptures in the silk material, but rather a consequence of the inbuilt material heterogeneities.
In his superb short history of the Indian army, Philip Mason, himself a longstanding officer in the elite Indian civil service, evokes the threads of loyalty that bound the British and the sepoys together until the threads snapped in 1857, and even after that brutal rupture were sewn up again, so that the British influence lingers on in the far larger army that independent India deploys today.
The ductility, which was governed by SMA bolt rupture, was found to be dependent on the net threaded-to-shank area ratio of the bolts, where a lower ratio led to earlier bolt fracture over the net threaded cross-section.
