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(INTERESTING PARROT FACT!) The popular image of a parrot on the shoulder is thought to evolve from Long John Silver in Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island.
For this purpose, we isolated bone marrow derived stromal cells from WT and Cav-1 deficient mice, as cancer-associated fibroblasts are thought to evolve from mesenchymal stem cells [ 8].
In heterothallic fungi, strains must be of opposite mating type for sexual reproduction and morphogenesis, while homothallic species, generally thought to evolve from heterothallic ancestors [[ 5] and references therein], reproduce sexually without a mating partner.
A striking example of pattern mimicry is found in the pattern diversity of moth and butterfly wings, which is thought to evolve from preexisting elements illustrated by the nymphalid ground plan (NGP).
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Human breast cancer is thought to evolve via sequential genetic alterations from benign hyperplasia of mammary duct epithelial cells, through atypical ductal hyperplasia, to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive tumor confined to the breast, lymph node involvement, and eventually metastases to distant organs.
Low grade serous carcinomas are thought to evolve in a stepwise fashion from benign serous cystadenoma to a serous borderline tumor (SBT).
They are much less common than high grade serous carcinomas and are thought to evolve in a stepwise fashion from benign serous cystadenoma to serous borderline tumors (SBTs) (also referred to as atypical proliferative serous tumor) and finally to low grade serous carcinoma.
Its Old World members, the Water, African and Madagascan rails, form a superspecies, and are thought to have evolved from a single invasion from across the Atlantic.
For instance, comparative functional studies of FXRs from various chordate species showed that the vertebrate FXRs bind "late" cholesterol derivatives (from a complex synthesis pathway) but are thought to have evolved from an ancestral FXR that bound early cholesterol derivatives (from a simpler synthesis pathway) [ 83].
SHV-12 is thought to have evolved from SHV-2a, and SHV-5 from SHV-2 [ 8].
ParaHox and Hox genes are thought to have evolved from a common ancestral ProtoHox cluster or from tandem duplication prior to the divergence of cnidarians and bilaterians.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com