"thought system" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when referring to a set of ideas or beliefs. For example, "Organized religion often presents a unified thought system for followers to embrace".
He was desperate for a thought system that would make sense of his life.
We now know that we apprehend the world in two radically opposed ways, employing two fundamentally different modes of thought: "System 1" and "System 2".
If one were looking for the most successful and internally consistent "closed thought system" in the British media landscape, one would have to turn to the Mail.
Science, on the other hand, as an intricate, self-correcting thought system, advances and refines its understanding of the thousands of objects of its study.
To Dacre, the BBC is a "closed thought system operating a kind of Orwellian Newspeak … perverting political discourse and disenfranchising countless millions".
All criticism is based on the Ten Principles for Firmly Establishing the Party's Unique Thought System.. Solidarity, Learning and Community Sessions are held by the Agricultural Working People's Union, the Women's Union and the Children's League.
Ideas and beliefs are rooted in larger thought systems (Weltanschauungen), a phenomenon Mannheim called relationism.
Gay people marrying or becoming pregnant, individuals migrating from one gender to another, let alone refusing to commit to either, occasion immense turbulence in thought systems that depend on orderly separation and partition, which is part of the reason that the trans rights movement has proved so depressingly threatening to certain quarters of feminist thought.
Because the medical community offered no solutions, I turned to ancient Eastern thought systems to learn how to influence my central nervous system and endocrine system.
Thus you have the emergence of thought systems which are more likely to argue for the ascendancy of world views -- the Christian worldview, the Islamic worldview, etc.
Other scholars engaged in comparative explorations of thought-systems of various African peoples countered the criticism by providing accounts of a number of such systems that gave clear evidence of their very capable and developed rationality (Forde 1954; Fortes 1965).
