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On the other hand, those self reporting better health compared to last year (OR: 0.54; CI: 0.32 to 0.92), without medical consultation in the past one month (OR: 0.45 CI: 0.34 to 0.60) or without hospitalization in the past one year (OR: 0.69 CI: 0.48 to 0.99) were less likely to use the vouchers (table 2).
M- Mean SD-Standard Deviation * P value < 0.05 considered statistically significant, all values were statistically significant †Denominator value is respondent not disease ‡ Poverty quintiles identify the proportion of those self reporting a chronic disease by the which poverty quintile they belonged to.
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Figure 2 displays the cumulative mortality curves from all cause deaths by five categories of respondents: those with self reported diagnosed diabetes, those without diagnosed diabetes but had HbA1c ≥7% and the three tertiles of the population with HbA1c<7%.
Finally, by focussing on the diseased, we ignored those without self reported disease, yet using drugs.
All participants (except those with self reported diabetes) had blood glucose measured two hours after drinking a dextrose drink.
As features of asthma can overlap with COPD to some extent, we repeated the analysis excluding those with self reported asthma to avoid potential misclassification.
To assess the impact of recall bias on exposure classification, we conducted sensitivity analyses for those whose self reported gastroenteritis was confirmed by an audit of medical records.
Respondents provided information on height and weight (self-report), whether they had received lifestyle advice from their GP for weight loss, and for those with self reported hypertension if they had received advice to reduce dietary salt.
Similar to previous research, those who self reported physical component summary scores below the 15th centile in this study were proportionately more likely be less educated, current smokers, non-officers, and active duty service members.
We have demonstrated that the ED can have a broader role by addressing the prevention needs, both directly and indirectly, of those who self report their positive HIV status during the ED encounter.
It should be noted, however, that in post hoc comparisons between the intensive and standard glycemic arms in the ACCORD trial, a differential effect on mortality was found for those that self reported history of neuropathy (8).
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