Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
those of which
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "those of which" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it in a sentence to refer to a plural noun that has already been mentioned in the sentence. For example: I attended several seminars this year, those of which taught me a lot about personal finance.
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Encyclopedias
Science
Alternative expressions(4)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
42 human-written examples
However, their blunders have not been those of which they usually stand accused.
News & Media
3) The Environment Agency faced fierce and Ratty criticism during the spring floods for sacrificing residents' safety and wellbeing for those of which small wetland dweller?
News & Media
Thus, critics discredit states of mind of which they disapprove, not those of which they approve, and it is entirely arbitrary and illogical to do so.
News & Media
And, in any case, the Irish public has a history of extending leeway to those caught in much more serious misdemeanours than those of which Ahern is accused.
News & Media
The satirist uses the same technique, and the features of society he selects for magnification are, of course, those of which he disapproves.
Encyclopedias
She makes the point that she doesn't write or talk about every mental health-related issue but rather those of which she has personal experience or is especially passionate about, and it has proved a winning formula.
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
17 human-written examples
He is one of those heroes of which I speak.
News & Media
Duncan had one of those halves of which players dream.
News & Media
Then, on the quarter-hour, came one of those moments of which football legends are made.
News & Media
On one of those birthdays of whichI've had so many.
News & Media
Of course, there was no blogging in those days of which Julia writes so fondly.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "those of which", ensure clarity by placing it close to the noun it modifies to avoid ambiguity. For instance, instead of writing 'The books, those of which were old, were expensive', write 'Those books of which were old, were expensive'.
Common error
Avoid using "that of which" when referring to plural nouns; use "those of which" instead. "That of which" is appropriate only for singular nouns.
Source & Trust
85%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "those of which" functions as a relative clause, introducing additional information about a previously mentioned plural noun. Ludwig AI examples show that it specifies a subset with particular attributes or conditions.
Frequent in
Science
35%
News & Media
30%
Encyclopedias
15%
Less common in
Wiki
10%
Formal & Business
5%
Social Media
5%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "those of which" is a relative clause used to provide additional information about a previously mentioned plural noun, specifying a subset with particular attributes or conditions. Ludwig AI confirms it's grammatically correct and frequently found in formal contexts like scientific articles, news reports, and encyclopedic entries. Remember to use "those of which" only with plural nouns, and consider alternatives like "those that" for less formal writing.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
of which those
Inverts the order of the phrase, changing the emphasis while maintaining the core meaning.
those in which
Replaces 'of which' with 'in which', altering the preposition but retaining a similar meaning.
those that
Uses a relative pronoun instead of a prepositional phrase, simplifying the structure.
which those
Omission of "of" resulting in less formal structure.
those wherein
Uses a more formal and somewhat archaic term for "in which", increasing formality.
the ones that
Replaces "those" with "the ones", offering a slightly more colloquial tone.
those from which
Shifts the focus to origin or source, changing the prepositional relationship.
of which are those
Changes word order to emphasize the objects being described.
those being
Uses a participial phrase to achieve a similar connecting function.
that which
Changes the structure to a singular form, requiring adjustments to the rest of the sentence.
FAQs
How do I use "those of which" in a sentence?
Use "those of which" to refer back to a previously mentioned plural noun, introducing a defining characteristic or relationship. For example, "I have several pens, those of which are blue."
What's a simpler way to say "those of which"?
Consider using alternatives like "those that" or "those in which" for a less formal tone.
When is it incorrect to use "those of which"?
"Those of which" is incorrect when referring to a singular noun. In such cases, use "that of which" instead.
What's the difference between "those of which" and "which"?
"Those of which" points back to a specific set of items previously mentioned, providing additional information about them. "Which" introduces a relative clause to add information about a noun, but doesn't necessarily single out a subset. You can use alternatives like "which those", or "which that".
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
85%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested