In this study the mode of defibrillator operation was incorrectly inferred by the reviewers in a high proportion of cases when the defibrillator log was able to provide this information accurately from the digitized files.
In Null Model 2, the phenotype was incorrectly inferred as dependent with given genotypes in only 0.6, 0.3 and 0.1 % of 1000 datasets in each simulation setting of 1000, 2000 and 5000 samples.
"If our ancestral sequences were incorrectly inferred by having a single mistake, that could have led to a dead gene.
Many tree of life depictions in biology textbooks have no direct indicator of time, leaving it to the user to determine the relative time direction which may be incorrectly inferred (Catley and Novick 2008).
Finally, gene duplication followed by gene loss may lead to incongruence because paralogous gene copies are incorrectly inferred to be orthologous [ 16].
Given that a portion of them might be incorrectly inferred, the errors should be minimal in our estimation of mutation direction.
However, the detection of such gradient can be incorrectly inferred depending on the technique used to measure intracellular Ca2+ in different compartments.
In this situation, the measures will tend to be closer to the centre of the distribution on subsequent measurements, which can often be incorrectly inferred as being an improvement in response to an intervention.
For example, an error during the reverse transcription reaction would lead to a unique point substitution that would be incorrectly inferred to have arisen after, rather than during, insertion.
As shown in Table 3, in Null Model 1 only 2.1 % of 1000 datasets in each simulation at least one phenotype were incorrectly inferred as associated with given genotypes with the settings of 1000 samples in BHIT, and this number decreased to 1.9 and 0.6 % with settings of 2000 and 5000 samples.
If the Y copy of an X/Y gene pair is not expressed, or is expressed at low levels in the tissue(s) used for RNA-seq analysis, hemizygosity will be incorrectly inferred and gene losses from the Y will be overestimated.
