If the control action is proportional to the variation of the perturbed variable itself, or a function thereof that is zero when that variation equals zero, the ultimate deviation of the controlled variable from its value before the perturbation, will be nonzero.
The total heritable variation equals the variance of the TBV among individuals, [ 13, 34].
Indeed, as shown in previous work [ 18], the increase in model fit brought about by assuming among-site rate variation equals about 355 log units, which is drastically lower than the more than 7.000 log units increase reported here.
We then investigated its performance in a medical application, suited for clinical testing, in which volunteers were subject to a maximal rate of thermal skin variation equal to 3.1 °C/0.25 h.
Omitting all partial safety factors and using average material strength properties rather than characteristic values resulted in an average experimental-to-predicted failure load ratio equal to 1.61 (coefficient of variation equal to 55.4 .
Iris and Vowels have uniform class distributions while Satlog has a fairly balanced class distribution with a coefficient of variation equal to 42 % the coefficient of variation is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean.
The three simulated analytical systems could be clinical chemistry analyzers, measuring for example the serum glucose or cholesterol concentration, with zero bias and coefficient of variation equal to 2.5%, assuming a medically acceptable measurement error equal to 10%.
The Monte Carlo routine chose values for the benthic invertebrate group parameters from a uniform distribution with a mean equal to the estimates reported in the published model [35] and a coefficient of variation equal to 20%.
The coefficient of variation (equal to (standard deviation/mean)*100) is given instead of the standard deviation because this enables comparison between ATC-groups.
Other parameters such as the dimerization rates were defined by diffusion properties (λA, λB) and the protein degradation rate (γP) with the coefficient of variation equal to 5%.
