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This type of beam system exhibits an improved ductility and energy absorption capacity making it suitable for seismic resistant structures.
The procedure is based on the known value of failure strains and, for this type of beam, the failure strains can either be concrete crushing strain, debonding strain of the stiffening materials or the plate fracture strain.
The design of steel-reinforced timber beams is not covered by a code, and we shall therefore limit the analysis of this type of beam to an elastic approach.
This type of beam splitter assembly coupled with a diode laser through fibers can be remotely used for alignment or position monitoring of different medium to large size structures with a reconstruction accuracy of 10 μm.
Note that this is in contradiction with some previous analysis for focused Gaussian beams, where off-axis descriptions using the ILA may possess serious limitations due to the approximation of the beam itself, i.e., the truncation of the Davis' series description of this type of beam [ 13].
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This type of beams was extensively tested in three- and four-point bending for a variety of environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and humidity), geometrical scale, reinforcement percentage and element robustness.
In order to further reduce the risk of corrosion in this type of beams, a hybrid system of flexural reinforcement composed of a steel strand and GFRP rebars is applied and properly arranged in order to assure a relatively thick concrete cover for the steel reinforcement.
Results also showed the influence of the type of beam on the load capacity gain due to the CFRP.
The investigated parameters are the bolt diameter, the end-plate thickness, the number of bolt rows, the type of beam profile and the orientation of column axis.
Inhibition of caspases markedly decreased for both early and late apoptosis in all cell lines, regardless of the type of beam applied (Table 2).
This type of molecular beam source is most common in spectroscopy and collision experiments and has proven its power and versatility for several decades.
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